Guide:Advanced Verbs

Previously: Pronouns, Basic Verbs

Verbs in Tansord, beyond the tense and person/number agreements shown above, can also take on one of three aspects and one of five forms.

Verb aspects

In Tansord, verbs have one of three aspects. By default, verbs take on the Momentaneous aspect (single, punctual action). Aspect prefixes go before Verb form prefixes (which are further below).
Adding the prefix c(a)- marks the continuous aspect, meaning the action is, was, or will be ongoing and not finished.
Adding the prefix g(a)- marks the repetitive aspect, meaning that the action happens multiple times.

Examples:

• Lakunoj: I saw.
• Cal'kunej: I am seeing.
• Gal'kunej: I keep seeing.

Verb forms

There are 5 for each verb. For the verb forms, there are two classes of verbs. Most verbs are Class I, and Class II verbs are generally stative verbs (i.e. describing a state of being). All verbs, by default, are simple active verbs. In both classes of verbs, the prefix s(a)- turns it into the reflexive (i.e, the action is being done to oneself by oneself).

• y(a)- (Class I): passive
• y(a)- (Class II): intensive
• h(a)- (Class I and II): causative
• j(a)- (Class I): causative passive
• j(a)- (Class II): causative intensive
• s(a)- (Class I and II): reflexive

Example of a Class I verb (root: Katab - writing)

• Katabi: To write
• Yak'tabi: To be written
• Hak'tabi: To cause to write (i.e. to dictate)
• Jak'tabi: To be caused to be written (i.e. to be dictated)
• Sak'tabi: To write oneself (to correspond)

Example of a Class II verb (root: Qewic - slowness)

• Qewici: To be slow
• Yaq'wici: To be very slow
• Haq'wici: To slow down (transitive)
• Jaq'wici: To slow down heavily (transitive)
• Saq'wici: To slow down (intransitive)

Copula

The verb "Hi" is the default verb meaning "to be." "Sahi", which comes from S(a)- + hi, is the default verb meaning "there is/there was/there will be.) "Yahi" means "to become", "Hahi" means "to transform" and "Jahi" means "to be transformed."